伸展素在黄瓜胞壁中的转化及其与羟脯氨酸和异联酪氨酸的关系

用~(14)C-Pro和~3H_2-Tyr离体暗培养黄瓜子叶,发现细胞质、SECW和RCW中的Hyp/Pro和Idt/Tyr都随时间呈线性增加。这两种比值后两者高于前者,而两种比值增加速度之比在胞质部分最大、RCW中最小。表明在胞质和胞壁中都有Pro羟化和Tyr异联化过程,但羟化作用主要发生在胞质中,异联化主要在RCW中。 理化处理(高渗溶液和CHM)和放射性示踪证明胞质中存在HRGP库;它被分泌到胞壁后,先以离子键与壁结合,后转变为共价键与壁结合的伸展素。     

水分胁迫对植物线粒体结构和脯氨酸氧化酶活性的影响

水分胁迫期间,小麦幼苗芽鞘和棉花幼苗胚轴细胞内游离脯氨酸浓度增加;但复水后又恢复正常。电镜观察发现线粒体肿大,嵴消失。胞质中出现脂肪滴。气相层析技术分析,发现水分胁迫使线粒体脂肪酸组成及含量有明显变化;不饱和脂肪酸含量增加。随着水分胁迫时间的延长,脯氨酸氧化酶活性也明显下降。设想水分胁迫使线粒体结构和组分发生了不利于脯氨酸氧化酶活性表达的变化,因而抑制了酶活性。     

Gene structure and nucleotide sequence for rat cytochrome P-450c

Two clones from rat genomic libraries that contain the entire gene for rat cytochrome P-450c have been isolated. lambda MC4, the first clone isolated from an EcoR1 library, contained a 14-kb insert. A single 5.5-kb EcoR1 fragment from lambda MC4, the EcoR1 A fragment, hybridized to a partial cDNA clone for the 3' end of the cytochrome P-450c mRNA. This fragment was sequenced using the dideoxynucleotide chain termination methodology with recombinant M13 bacteriophage templates. Comparison of this sequence with the complete cDNA sequence of cytochrome P-450MC [Yabusaki et al. (1984) Nucleic. Acids Res. 12, 2929-2938] revealed that the EcoR1 A fragment contained the entire cytochrome P-450c gene with the exception of a 90-bp leader sequence. The gene sequence is in perfect agreement with the cDNA sequence except for two bases in exon 2. A second genomic clone, lambda MC10, which was isolated from a HaeIII library, contains the missing leading sequence as well as 5' regulatory sequences. The entire gene is about 6.1 kb in length with seven exons separated by six introns, all of the intron/exon junctions being defined by GT/AG. Amino- and carboxy-terminal information are contained in exons 2 and 7, respectively. These exons contain the highly conserved DNA sequences that have been observed in other cytochrome P-450 species. Potential regulatory sequences have been located both 5' to the gene as well as within intron I. A comparison of the coding information for cytochrome P-450c with the sequence of murine cytochrome P3-450 and rat cytochrome P-450d revealed a 70% homology in both the DNA and amino acid sequence, suggesting a common ancestral gene. Genomic blot analyses of rat DNA indicated that the 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible family of cytochrome P-450 isozymes is more limited in number compared to the phenobarbital-inducible isozymes. Cross-hybridization studies with human DNA suggest a high degree of conservation between rat cytochrome P-450c and its human homolog although gross structural differences do exist between the two genes.     

关于猫颌下腺神经支及其节前神经元的观察

用逆行溃变（Kohnstamm,1902;Yagita,et al.,1909;Torvik,1957）局部电刺激中枢（Chatfield,1942;Magoun et al.,1942;Wang,1943）等方法进行唾液中枢的定位,所得到结果很不一致。近年Satomi（1979）等用辣根过氧化酶（HRP）浸泡猫中间一面神经或鼓索神经,观察了脑干中逆行标记细胞的分布。但用HRP直接浸泡支配猫颌下腺的神经分支尚未见报道。此外,只见到关于鼓索神经纤维类别和数量的分析的光学显微镜研究（Foley,1945）,用光镜和电镜相结合分析颌下腺神经支中的纤     

花椰菜(Brassica oleracea var botrytis)下胚轴培养过程中过氧化物酶活性及同工酶谱的变化

花椰菜下胚轴外植体在MS+6BA 5 ppm的培养基上能分化出芽,在MS+2,4-D2ppm的培养基上能脱分化而形成愈伤组织。用3种不同的酚类物质(咖啡酸、阿魏酸、愈创木酚及联苯胺)作氢供体发现分化过程中的过氧化物酶活性高于脱分化过程,其中以咖啡酸作氢供体显示的活性最高,阿魏酸及愈创木酚次之,而联苯胺最小。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离阴极向及阳极向过氧化物酶同工酶,在分化及脱分化培养过程中均不断出现新的酶带,前者有13条,后者为11条,两者的差别主要在阴极向酶带,在分化过程中多了两条酶带(C_1和C_3),同时C_2带活性也比脱分化的高。阳极向酶带也有差别,A_2和A_2两条酶带在分化过程中逐渐加强,但是在脱分化过程中却逐渐消失。反映了两个过程生理上的差别。     

棉纤维细胞伸长生长与过氧化物酶和IAA氧化酶的关系

棉纤维细胞于开花当天从棉胚珠表皮上发生,随即开始伸长生长,星S型生长曲线。棉纤维细胞的可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶活性和IAA氧化酶活性同伸长生长的关系不大;而离子型结合的细胞壁蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶活性和IAA氧化酶活性同棉纤维细胞的伸长生长关系较大,表现在棉纤维细胞快速伸长期活性较低,而在伸长生长停止时出现活性高峰,同棉纤维细胞的伸长生长有负相关现象。     

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)叶光合作用“午睡”现象初探

在探讨叶片光合产物水平与光合机构运转关系时,我们曾观测到田间甘薯叶片干重增长速率日变化进程中有明显的中午降低即“午睡”现象(图1)。为了揭示这一现象的形成机理,在人工气候室作了以下一些研究。     

棉株根系伤流中的细胞分裂素类物质

棉株根系伤流有明显昼夜节奏,白天多,夜晚较少。白天中又以上午9～12时的伤流量为最高。伤流中CTK量及其浓度也以白天为高。在切除地上部4天以后,从蕾期和铃期棉株已不再能收集到伤流液,但盛花期棉株在切除地上部6天以后,仍产生了相当多的伤流,其中仍含有丰富的CTK类物质。盛花期棉株根系伤流量及其中CTK水平高于铃期棉株,提示铃期棉株根系活力已开始趋向衰老。根据Sephadex LH-20柱层析及高效液相层析鉴定出棉株根系伤流中的CTK类物质有Z,ZR,和IPA。     

小鼠肝脏免疫抑制蛋白质(LISP)的分离纯化和鉴定

用硫酸铵分段盐析及DEAE-Sephadex A-50、羟磷灰石和CM纤维素等多种柱层析方法,从正常小鼠肝浸液中分离纯化出一种免疫抑制蛋白质(LISP)。在体外用微量该蛋白质就能强烈抑制小鼠T、B淋巴细胞对促有丝分裂原和同种异型抗原的增生反应。纯化的蛋白质在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PACE)和等电聚焦(IEF)鉴定时均显示为一条区带,其等电点(pI)值在7.5—7.8范围。沉降系数利S_(20),w为5.39。Sephadex G-100凝胶层析测得LISP的分子量为78,000道尔顿。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)提示LISP是由二个相同的亚基组成,亚基分子量为38,500道尔顿。LISP是一种既非糖蛋白又非脂蛋白的碱性蛋白质,对它的氨基酸组成也作了分析。